СРЕДСТВА РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЛКОЙ МОТОРИКИ РУК У ДЕТЕЙ С НАРУШЕНИЯМИ РЕЧИ

All specialists involved in the study of the brain and psyche of children recognize the significant stimulating effect of hand function. According to M.M. Koltsova, the development of the level of speech is closely related to the development of fine finger movements [2, 28 p.]. The cerebral cortex contains a large number of cells that control hand movements and speech organs. This area of the cortex is located next to the speech area, which allows you to activate the child's speech functions through training fine finger movements.

In preschool children with speech disorders, there is a lack of development of both general motor skills and fine hand movements. This makes it difficult not only to master self-service skills, but also to participate in manipulations with small objects, which can limit the variety of gaming activities. This situation highlights the need for specialized work to correct and develop fine hand coordination movements and manual dexterity.

Motor skills are formed through interaction with the outside world and communication with adults. It is believed that subtle finger movements develop first, and then articulation of speech is formed. The improvement of speech skills directly depends on the training of finger movements [3, 32 p.].

Children's activity, which promotes the development of fine hand movements and manual dexterity, has a stimulating effect on speech function and the development of the sensory-motor side of speech. The explanation of subject actions and their characteristics, the sequence of actions, as well as the naming of objects and their functions contribute to language acquisition and speech development in a child. Such activities based on actions with objects are more accessible and understandable to children, which increases their motivation and awareness when completing tasks.

For a variety of hand motility training, it is proposed to use various types of sports equipment and small items:

- Jump ropes;

- Balls;

- Gymnastic sticks;

- Rings;

- Sticks;

- Checkboxes;

- Weighted pouches.

Familiarization with new exercises is carried out in physical education classes. To further develop fine motor skills of the hands and improve motor skills, finger gymnastics, physical training and walking are used [4, 48 p.].

Special attention is paid to exercises with small balls, which vary in size, material, color, texture, structure and functional purpose. This variety allows you to adapt classes to the individual characteristics of each child, to develop their sensitivity through visual, tactile and muscular perception.

In the early stages, the use of weighted pouches instead of balls is preferable. The bag filled with loose material is not too tight, which allows the child to easily catch it with one hand. In addition, unlike the ball, the pouch does not roll off when it falls to the floor, which makes it easier to control and enhances the feeling of presence in the hand.

You can do the following exercises:

• Exercises in shifting the object.

1. The main stand, the pouch in the right hand. At the expense of 1-2 - hands to the sides - inhale; 3-4 - hands down in front of you (or behind your back), transfer the bag to your left hand - exhale. Also, a pouch in his left hand.
2. The main stand, the pouch in the right hand. On the count of 1 - arms to the sides; 2 -raise the right bent leg, back straight; transfer the pouch under the knee to the left hand; 3 - arms to the sides, lower the leg; 4 - starting position. The same thing, but bend and lift the left leg.
3. Sitting position, legs apart, pouch in the right hand at the hip. On the count of 1 -arms to the sides - inhale; 2-3 - tilt to the left leg, transfer the pouch to the left hand - exhale; 4 - I.P. Too, tilt to the right leg.

• Exercises in tossing an object, tossing and catching (juggling with one object).

1. Stand legs apart, pouch in right hand. On the count of 1-2, toss the bag in front of you, catch it with both hands; 3-4 is the same. Also, a pouch in his left hand.
2. Stand legs apart, pouch in right hand. On the count of 1-4 - throw a bag in front of you, make a cotton, and catch the bag with two hands. Also, a pouch in his left hand.
3. Stand legs apart, pouch in right hand. On the count of 1-4 - toss the bag and catch with your right hand; the same with your left hand.

• Exercises in throwing and catching objects in pairs.

1. Throwing and catching bags with two hands, children stand at a distance of 2-4 m from each other.
2. Tossing the bag to each other with one hand. The same thing with the other hand.
3. Simultaneous throwing of bags to each other with two hands, followed by catching them.

• Group exercises in passing, tossing and catching an object.

1. Children sit cross-legged in a circle. Transfer of bags to each other with musical accompaniment. The music stops - the transmission stops with the resumption of music, the game continues.
2. The children are standing in a circle; the driver is in the center with a bag in his hands. Tossing the bag up, the driver calls the name of one of the players, who must catch the bag. The one who caught the bag becomes the driver [5, 40 p.].

The skills formed by using exercises with weighted pouches can be successfully applied in similar exercises with a variety of objects, such as cloth or rubber balls, rings, and others. Cloth balls made of tightly rolled rags and lined with fabric, as well as rings with a diameter of 20-25 cm and a thickness of 0.5-1 cm, regardless of the material of manufacture — be it wood, plastic, plywood or cardboard wrapped with tape material — provide excellent opportunities for the development of motor skills in children.

The use of a variety of objects in exercises helps children with speech disorders to achieve significant success in the development of motor skills and stimulates the development of speech. Regular and systematic work with the fine motor skills of preschoolers, including similar exercises, significantly improves their coordination, reduces synkinesia and tremor of the fingers, as well as increases confidence and speed of movement.

In addition, the diverse use of various types of exercises in one lesson contributes to the interest of children and allows them not only to comprehensively develop fine motor skills, but also to stimulate various cognitive processes such as visual and spatial functions, memory, attention, thinking, perception and, of course, speech.